The Eradication of the Concept of the Past? by Sophia Chawala

On September of 2008, my dad threw a surprise birthday party for me. Frankly, I am not a fan of birthdays, parties, birthday parties or surprises in general. Besides its clown-faced cakes and terribly fatty meals, a birthday is nothing but a mundane occurrence in my life. Yet what made this birthday so different from others I have experienced was that it was my first birthday where I received a gift that changed my life forever. My dad blindfolded me and guided me towards his office, where my gift awaited for me. Typical birthday scene, I thought. Once we arrived at his office, dad removed my blindfolds, and there I saw right before my eyes my ultimate birthday gift: the new, the pristine and awfully shiny iPhone 3G.

Now this was a surprise that I surely did not mind. I will never forget how fascinated I was when I was examining that paper-thin, black piece of technological slate and how intrigued I was when I turned on its crystal-display touchscreen.  When I slid my finger across the silver, gleaming arrow on the screen, I unlocked the world of the iphone. It showed me a homepage smothered with colorful icons that floated like nimbus clouds. However, these icons were more than floating nimbuses. They were portals of other channels of communication and of other storages of memory. “See here, Soph? Now you can really keep connected,” said my dad. “Plus, you can chose to remember what you need to (or want to) remember. Isn’t that great?”

Indeed it was great. With my new iphone, I had the ability to converse across a wide spectrum of channels and to control what memories I wanted to obtain, to create, to look back on, and perhaps to look forward to. The thought fascinated me, yet frightened me as well. I thought to myself that what if the iPhone gave me too much control over my memories? What if such ability would lead to even more mundane days of my life?  Such is how I wonder about the rapid development of communication technology. While I appreciate that its development has led to many devices containing features that allow us to create an archive of memories much easier and much quicker than with past devices, I am quite concerned that such an ability may erode our understanding of and the overall concept of the past all together, making our lives as “timeless” entities with no moments to look back on. I thank the iphone for helping me keep in touch with people and memory, yet with this phone, everyday is like a birthday to me (perhaps that is the reason why I think birthdays are so boring).

A day after my birthday, I did nothing but sift through the colorful clouds and portals on my new iphone. Communication icons including telephone, text messaging, e-mail, instant messengers of different brands, video chats of different programs, social networks, voice recorder, video recorder, picture camera and wireless internet connection, and storage icons like virtual picture albums, video libraries, voice memos, calendars and note “pages” were all littered across the screen and open to the touch of my finger. But according to Marc Oliver’s study  “Civilization Inoculated: Nostalgia and the Marketing of Emerging Technologies”, which summarizes how current industries appeal to nostalgia and past ideals to sell big bucks on their devices, these colorful portals are really nothing new.  That is because my iphone has been created “at the moment of integration (as opposed to invention) of emerging technologies” (Oliver 134). Although my iphone was new itself, its features were not so much because the phone was enmeshed with two kinds of purposes, one being communicating and the other being the storing of information, that used to function in separate devices. In sum, the iphone is like a nesting-doll that holds numerous devices within one device. Because I had so many opportunities in keeping in touch with my loved ones and with my memory, I did not have much emotional anxiety when I left for college nor did my parents. Of course, I felt some nostalgia for home, aching to go back in time and relive the relics of my beloved childhood, but fortunately I was able to obliterate all yearning thanks to the many opportunities of communication that my lovely iphone has given me. Oliver claims that “nostalgia requires departure but it also contains the promise of return” (135). Thanks to my handy iphone, I was able to suspend myself temporarily from college life, return back to my past world of home, immerse in its comforts and then when ready go back to my collegiate reality. Home was resting inside of my pocket at all times.

My past not only lay in my pocket, but every blinking moment of the present along with possible futures of college life was inside of it, as well. I was able to take high-quality pictures of myself and my girlfriends in a matter of seconds. I was able to film precious, embarrassing videos in just a matter of minutes. I was even able to voice record my ideas, my lectures and my feelings over the cell phone “microphone” and from those memos create an entire library of voices just within my finger’s reach. In essence, what all of these activities have in common was that I was able to create lifetime memories just within a matter of seconds. Such a situation is what Ori Shwarz addresses in “Good young nostalgia: camera phones and technologies of self among Israeli youths,” a study that examines how Israeli youth’s usage of cell phones and the blogosphere has caused a change in their perceptions on what nostalgic memories they would want to look back. Likewise to Israeli girls and their usage of cell phones, I was creating a sort of “fragmentary and reflective nostalgia” (366) while using my cell phone as a library of memory. As paradoxical it may seem, I was being deep and shallow simultaneously. My cell phone allows me to capture moments much faster than older devices. For example, my phone’s camera has allowed me to take pictures that develop within seconds, and once they had developed I was able to look at them deeply, this being the indicator of nostalgia, the bittersweet feelings of past occurrences. If I felt bad about the picture, I would delete it and try to take another one. At first glance, me deleting pictures seems like  me refusing to look back at the past, but what it really shows is how I cared too much about it, how I wanted it to be something else. If my friends and I made terrible smiles or looked “too fat” we would reflect on it so deeply and get frustrated that we would want to try again and take a better picture. This shows how my iphone is a “mythlogization of technology”, a device that’s main motive is to help me facilitate the creation of my perfect historical landscape (Oliver 134). The iphone has given me control over nostalgic occurrences because it allowed me a second chance on the memories I wanted to create and even on determining my future memories as well. I captured small, momentary fragments, but reflect, scrutinize and redo their every detail to create a more ideal moment.

The iphone was truly a blessing for me for helping me keep loved ones in never-ending touch and a bundle up fragmentary, yet precious memories. But such a blessing was also a blaring concern.  Day by day, I was keeping in touch with my past way too much, calling mother thrice a day, skyping with my cousin twice a day and texting my brother once every hour (it’s even more overwhelming when I am doing it all at once). Not to mention, my time-span of nostalgia for things had shrunken significantly, feeling like five minutes was as long as five years! I did not know if this was all just being merely homesick or being spoiled. But I did know for a fact that I was constantly wired. Acclaimed journalist Walter Kirn, who claims that multitasking in technology has led to economic, health and social dangers in his article “The Autumn of the Multitaskers”, describes that the very reason behind my wired condition is that I am part of timeless era of “roaring zeros…years of over-enlarged, overextended, technology-driven and finally unsustainable investment of our limited human capacities in the dream of infinite connectivity” (Kirn 157).  Given that my iphone was an example of mythologized technology, it indeed has led me to create so many fantasies to a point where I was constantly attached to something or someone. Not once was I detached from my past, my present or my future. I was aware of everything because of how connected my phone made me to my home, my friends, my family, my college, my high school.  Yet such awareness gave me headaches, duping huge amounts of information, facts, and memories of all kinds into me like a huge overload pick-up truck that dumps massive piles of rubble into a tiny landfill. From texting siblings to skyping friends, and from recording videos to taking pictures, I was stuck amidst a web of never-ending connectivity, standing in the crossroads between past, present and future. I was in limbo and I simply had no clue where to look back or look towards. I slowly found out the culprit behind this dilemma. I was in limbo because, as Kirn implies, the mechanization of my iPhone gave me too much autonomy over my memories that the notion of “cause and effect had yielded to the principle of dream-and-make-it-happen” (Kirn 157). Because I was striving to make all my dreams come true, to relive realities that I have never even experienced, I was constantly missing something or someone, I was constantly experiencing some sort of “cumulative nostalgia” not based on strong distinctive task between the past and present  (Shwarz 348). My never-ending yearning shows that since my iphone, like other communication technology, enabled me to be culturally and emotionally connected much easier through user-friendly mediums, my time span had flattened, integrated and meshed all wards of my life into one, flat pancake. When this thought drifted by in my head, everything began to make sense to me: I realized that my iphone, the nesting-doll device was the very reason why my life became a pancake itself because it had allowed me to travel anywhere at any time. It was like a time-machine that moved me in any direction I pleased simply by a touch of a button.

My mom always used to tell me that distance is what keeps people so close and memories too precious to lose. Although it was nice for me to travel the long-distances over virtual mediums back and forth between the space of time, I really did become, simply put, tired of keeping of touch because it subtracted the uniqueness of certain moments in my life. Today, I no longer have an iphone 3G. Its cracked screen lies dead inside my room drawer and ceases to light up its nimbus clouds again. For now, I am not as trapped inside limbo as I used to be and have a clear direction of where lies north and south. But time and time again, I sometimes open up my room drawer just to catch a glimpse of that cracked touchscreen just to think to myself that at least I have some past to look back on.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The New Intellectuals by S. Akbar Zaidi

Last Saturday, April 7th, 2012 ,we heard Dr. Mubarik Ali on the topic” Intellectuals and Society” and it was followed by lively discussion. This article is on the same subject.

It seems impossible to imagine a society, even such as ours, without intellectuals. They have existed from time immemorial, in every society, at different layers of the social strata interacting with, and frequently changing, the course of history, and of the future.

Intellectuals, in the past, have spoken, written, thought, proselytized and made different kinds of interventions in social processes. They are often considered to be the moral keepers of nations and societies, those who give direction, hope, those who explain and unravel issues which others fail to comprehend.

Intellectuals are a core component of society and are located at numerous steps of the social spectrum, many of them faceless, unknown. Allahrakha or Bala, sitting on their charpai near Mandi Bahauddin in the presence of locals explaining their notions of life and its meanings, are intellectuals, just as much as Shaukat Ali, sitting on the banks of a river with a group of friends under a moonlit sky discussing and explaining how the wheels of time move. But public intellectuals are those who require a public and a forum or public sphere.

In the West, at least, many of those who are considered public intellectuals and have thought and written about such issues are considered to be critics who offer ‘counter-discourses’ to their “merely professional routines creating social capital and cultural power”. Many of them, at least in the West, and especially those who are also academics, trace their lineage according to scholars, to “a tradition of rhetorical political inquiry, the domain of Socrates and Cicero, precursors to contemporary public forms and forums of democracy”.

As public intellectuals — as opposed to those who hold opinion in private or small circles — such individuals are called upon “to make public pronouncements on issues that ostensibly lie outside the purview of the academy”, as some academics have argued. Hence, they are public intellectuals, not simply lecturers and teachers. While there are scores of intellectuals who are formally outside the academy as well, one would argue that in the tradition of the modern West (and even East), at some time or the other, most have been located in academia, howsoever defined. Not so in Pakistan.

Pakistan’s new public intellectuals are television talk-show hosts, so-called analysts and journalists. These individuals have both an eager public listening to their observations, analysis and insights every day, often many times a day, and they have the extremely powerful medium of television, which has become the new public sphere. Most of these individuals are interpreters of our maladies, they give direction, propose solutions and sanction what is moral and what is not and determine codes of ethics. They do exactly what public intellectuals do.

Of course, a more radical interpretation of the public intellectual is based on Gramsci’s notion of the ‘organic intellectual’, who not only interprets the world, but actively changes it.

Here again, in this manner, the Pakistani intellectual no longer exists, since the organ itself has shrivelled and died. The presence of only variants of mainstream politics — with the exception of the radical religious right — precludes any notion of a Gramscian intellectual. Whether one calls the leaders of radical religious groups ‘intellectuals’, or ulema, or politicians, or something worse is worthy of intellectual debate.

Barring a few notable and exemplary exceptions, whether from the right or the non-right (it is impossible to call the other the left or even liberal), the spectacle of Pakistani intellectuals holding forth on complicated moral and ethical issues of consciousness, is just that — a spectacle.

These new intellectuals hold immense power and sway over a receptive audience, who are certainly by no means mere empty repositories of what is handed to them, yet are still unthinkingly and unimaginatively receptive to ideas and themes, and are fed opinions which are at best not thought through, if not highly biased and prejudiced. The level, quality and standard of discourse, for all that it is worth and for all that it contributes, cannot be considered to be intellectual. Perhaps it is not even meant to be.

This is obviously not the fault of those who are given or like many who appropriate the mantle of the intellectual but has far deeper systemic and intellectual roots. The state of the social sciences and humanities in Pakistan, the state of academia more generally, all of which are so critical to the formation of intellectuals, is self-evident.

Intellectuals emerge through an understanding of history, philosophy, theory and much more. Also, public spaces where those who have such skills can raise them interacting with others, creates an intellectual forum. Even if one had the sort of intellectuals who emerge from such academic traditions and disciplines — and Pakistan has very few — the absence of public forums aggravates matters.

With the op-ed pages of newspapers, or now television, the only forum for public debate, where retired bureaucrats, foreign secretaries or generals and journalists espouse opinions largely about contemporary politics or US-Pakistan relations, clearly an intellectual space doesn’t exist.

Again, this is not the fault of producers or editors or even those who do write and speak, but shows the absence of those who ought to. Many of those who could have emerged as intellectuals, have chosen a far easier, less troubling or challenging and far more lucrative existence, choosing to become consultants or joining ‘think tanks’, always distancing themselves from any ‘oppositional consciousness’.

The absence of academics, scholars and intellectuals, offers a partial explanation to why Pakistan is the way it is. The quality of those who actually are Pakistan’s new intellectuals helps complete that explanation.

The writer is a political economist.

Is America On Decline ?

Zbigniew Brzezinski and Robert Kagan on the State of America

In NYT book Review article the author reviews two books on State of America. Robert Kagan argues “Usefully, Kagan states that much of the current decline talk is based on a “nostalgic fallacy,” imagining a golden past in which America was all but omnipotent. There never was such a time, he says, not even during those periods now remembered as the glory days of American might. Still bathing in the glow of total victory in World War II, the country watched events in China, Korea and Indochina that, Dean Acheson lamented, were “beyond the control of the . . . United States.” In 1952 Douglas MacArthur warned of “our own relative decline.” Indeed, Kagan shows that declinism is as old as America itself: in 1788, Patrick Henry was ruing the Republic’s fall from the days “when the American spirit was in its youth.” Kagan’s message is that America has been gripped by these fears before, only to bounce back: “Anyone who honestly recalls the 1970s, with Watergate, Vietnam, stagflation and the energy crisis, cannot really believe the present difficulties are unrivaled.”

Both argue;

“The two authors agree that it’s in every­one’s interest, not just America’s, for the United States to remain dominant. Kagan frames his essay with a device borrowed from the Frank Capra classic “It’s a Wonderful Life,” imagining the world if America were not there to play global superpower. He provides a compelling demonstration that whether it’s protecting the sea lanes vital for free trade or nudging societies toward democracy, the world stands a better chance with America in prime position than it would with China or Russia in the lead. Brzezinski similarly asks us to imagine the Internet if it were under the de facto stewardship of Moscow or Beijing rather than Washington.”

To read the complete article click link below;

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/08/books/review/zbigniew-brzezinski-and-robert-kagan-on-the-state-of-america.html?adxnnl=1&ref=books&pagewanted=2&adxnnlx=1333810874-Wcrx+4jtlg0Jiyp3fiamwA

Woman!

A poem by Abid A. Kazi

WOMAN!

 

An embodiment of compromises and submission

If dealt properly she is always on a mission

 

Wondering how much strength and love she shares

We must be willing to give hundred percent in care

 

She carries all the pain and sufferings to bring prophets, saints and all

Her generosity is above anything yet has often faces lots of fall

 

She always likes to please one and all

She is mostly humble and ready to honor the call

 

Why we see woman as models to sell things people buy

Sometime society’s norms are traded for selling things for guys

 

We must not forget that we are intertwined in many ways

Mother, sister and wives and other relations everyday

 

It’s a shame that men has made her a piece of display

Have we lost our morality in many ways?

 

Man and woman are two pieces of puzzle from the day of inception

We must give woman her true dignity without causing any corruption

 

 

ABID A KAZI