Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene

An interesting and worth reading article by Roy Scranton in NYT. He visited Baghdad as a private in the Army and saw the total destruction of the beautiful ancient city by the ” shock & awe”. When he returned home, he saw similar destruction done by Katrina and Sandy and now the Typhoon in Philippine. National Security experts in USA say that the extreme weather is more danger to our national security than terrorism,Chinese hackers and North Korean nuclear missiles. The period we are living in now has been named ” Anthroprocene”. ( F.Sheikh)

Some excerpts;

“This March, Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III, the commander of the United States Pacific Command, told security and foreign policy specialists in Cambridge, Mass., that global climate change was the greatest threat the United States faced — more dangerous than terrorism, Chinese hackers and North Korean nuclear missiles. Upheaval from increased temperatures, rising seas and radical destabilization “is probably the most likely thing that is going to happen…” he said, “that will cripple the security environment, probably more likely than the other scenarios we all often talk about.’’

“There’s a word for this new era we live in: the Anthropocene. This term, taken up by geologistspondered by intellectuals and discussed in the pages of publications such as The Economist and the The New York Times, represents the idea that we have entered a new epoch in Earth’s geological history, one characterized by the arrival of the human species as a geological force. The Nobel-Prize-winning chemist Paul Crutzen coined the term in 2002, and it has steadily gained acceptance as evidence has increasingly mounted that the changes wrought by global warming will affect not just the world’s climate and biological diversity, but its very geology — and not just for a few centuries, but for millenniums. The geophysicist David Archer’s 2009 book, “The Long Thaw: How Humans are Changing the Next 100,000 Years of Earth’s Climate,” lays out a clear and concise argument for how huge concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and melting ice will radically transform the planet, beyond freak storms and warmer summers, beyond any foreseeable future.”

“But the biggest problems the Anthropocene poses are precisely those that have always been at the root of humanistic and philosophical questioning: “What does it mean to be human?” and “What does it mean to live?” In the epoch of the Anthropocene, the question of individual mortality — “What does my life mean in the face of death?” — is universalized and framed in scales that boggle the imagination. What does human existence mean against 100,000 years of climate change? What does one life mean in the face of species death or the collapse of global civilization? How do we make meaningful choices in the shadow of our inevitable end?”

These questions have no logical or empirical answers. They are philosophical problems par excellence. Many thinkers, including Cicero, Montaigne, Karl Jaspers, and The Stone’s own Simon Critchley, have argued that studying philosophy is learning how to die. If that’s true, then we have entered humanity’s most philosophical age — for this is precisely the problem of the Anthropocene. The rub is that now we have to learn how to die not as individuals, but as a civilization. Click link for full article;

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?hp&rref=opinion

FREE WILL, DETERMINISM, QUANTUM THEORY AND STATISTICAL FLUCTUATIONS: A PHYSICIST’S TAKE

By Carlo Rovelli

Since Democritus suggested that the world can be seen as the result of accidental clashing of atoms, the question of free will has disturbed the sleeps of the naturalist: how to reconcile the deterministic dynamics of the atoms with man’s freedom to choose? Modern physics has altered the data a bit, and the ensuing confusion requires clarification.

Democritus assumed the movement of atoms to be deterministic: a different future does not happen without a different present. But Epicurus, who in physical matters was a close follower of Democritus, had already perceived a difficulty between this tight determinism and human freedom, and modified the physics of Democritus, introducing an element of indeterminism at the atomic level.

The new element was called “clinamen.” The “clinamen” is a minimum deviation of an atom from its natural rectilinear path, which takes place in a completely random fashion. Lucretius, who presents the Democritean-Epicurean theory in his poem, “De Rerum Natura”, “On Things Of Nature,” notes in poetic words: the deviation from straight motion happens “uncertain tempore … incertisque loci “, in an uncertain time and an uncertain place [Liber II, 218].

A very similar oscillation between determinism and indeterminism has happened again in modern physics. Newton’s atomism is deterministic in a similar manner as Democritus’s.  But at the beginning of the twentieth century, Newton’s equations have been replaced by those of quantum theory, which bring back an element of indeterminism, quite similar, in fact, to Epicurus’s correction of Democritus’s determinism. At the atomic scale, the motion of the elementary particles is not strictly deterministic.

Can there be a relationship between this atomic-scale quantum indeterminism and human freedom to choose?

The idea has been proposed, and often reappears, but is not credible, for two reasons. The first is that the indeterminism of quantum mechanics is governed by a rigorous probabilistic dynamics.  The equations of quantum mechanics do not determine what will happen, but determine strictly the probability of what will happen. In other words, they certify that the violation of determinism is strictly random. This goes in exactly the opposite direction from human freedom to choose. If human freedom to choose was reducible to quantum indeterminism, then we should conclude that human choices are strictly regulated by the chance. Which is the opposite of the idea of freedom of choice. The indeterminism of quantum mechanics is like throwing a coin to see if it falls heads or tails, and act accordingly. This is not this what we call freedom to choose. click link for full article;

http://www.edge.org/conversation/free-will-determinism-quantum-theory-and-statistical-fluctuations-a-physicists-take

 

Biology’s Brave New World submitted by Tahir Mahmood

In May 2010, the richest, most powerful man in biotechnology made a new creature. J. Craig Venter and his private-company team started with DNA and constructed a novel genetic sequence of more than one million coded bits of information known as nucleotides. Seven years earlier, Venter had been the first person in history to make a functioning creature from information. Looking at the strings of letters representing the DNA sequence for a virus called phi X174, which infects bacteria, he thought to himself, “I can assemble real DNA based on that computer information.” And so he did, creating a virus based on the phi X174 genomic code. He followed the same recipe later on to generate the DNA for his larger and more sophisticated creature. Venter and his team figured out how to make an artificial bacterial cell, inserted their man-made DNA genome inside, and watched as the organic life form they had synthesized moved, ate, breathed, and replicated itself.

For the rest of the article click on the link below.

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140156/laurie-garrett/biologys-brave-new-world#

 

Higgs Boson Particle-God’s Particle

Two physicists, François Englert and Peter Higgs, won the Nobel Prize on Tuesday for their theory explaining how particles acquire mass. Click Link below to watch pictorial display explaining Higgs Boson Particle, also called God’s Particle.

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/10/08/science/the-higgs-boson.html?src=ISMR_AP_LO_MST_FB#/?g=true&higgs1_slide=0